Fatores preditivos no tratamento da PseudoAcantose Nigricans por Laser de Dióxido de Carbono Fracionado e Peeling de Ácido Glicólico / Predictive factors in the treatment of Pseudo-Acanthosis Nigricans by Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser and Glycolic Acid Peel

Introdução: Acantose nigricans é uma doença dermatológica comum caracterizada por lesões cutâneas aveludadas hiperpigmentadas e hiperceratóticas. Pode ser uma manifestação de doença sistêmica. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores preditivos clínicos e laboratoriais no tratamento da pseudo-acantose nigricans. Pacientes e métodos: Vinte pacientes com pseudoacantose nigricans foram incluídos neste estudo, escolhidos no ambulatório. Todos os casos foram submetidos a laser de CO2 fracionado no lado direito do pescoço e peeling de ácido glicólico 70% no lado esquerdo do pescoço. Cada paciente foi acompanhado por três meses e meio. Resultados: Houve melhora geral no índice de área, gravidade e textura no pescoço dos casos com pseudo-acantose nigricans quando tratados com laser de CO2 fracionado ou peeling de ácido glicólico. Conclusão: Não houve significância estatística ao comparar o efeito do laser ou peeling em diferentes faixas etárias e casos de obesidade ou sobrepeso.

Background: Acanthosis nigricans is a common dermatological disorder characterized by hyperpigmented and hyperkeratotic velvety skin lesions. It can be a manifestation of systemic disease. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical and laboratory predictive factors in the treatment of pseudo-acanthosis nigricans. Patients and methods: This study included 20 patients with pseudo-acanthosis nigricans from the outpatient clinic. All cases were subjected to fractional CO2 laser on the right side of the neck and glycolic acid peel 70% on the left side of the neck. Each patient was followed up for three and half months. Results: There was an overall improvement in area index, severity, and texture in the neck of cases with pseudo-acanthosis nigricans treated with fractional CO2 laser or Glycolic acid peel. Conclusion: There was no statistical significance when comparing the effect of laser or peeling on different age groups and obese or overweight cases.

Relación de IMC con marcadores de inflamación y hemoglobina glicosilada en niños y jóvenes con diabetes mellitus 1 / Relationship of BMI with markers of inflammation and glycosylated hemoglobin in children and young adults with diabetes mellitus 1

La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) es una enfermedad autoinmune que genera dependencia exógena de insulina de forma permanente, presenta inflamación subclínica crónica lo que conlleva a una elevación de marcadores de inflamación como factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α), proteína C reactiva (PCR) e interleuquina 6 (IL-6). OBJETIVO: determinar la relación entre el IMC sobre los marcadores de inflamación y el control metabólico en niños y jóvenes con DM1 entre 5 a 15 años de edad. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio clínico, observacional, exploratorio. A partir de La recolección de datos de fichas clínicas y muestras de sangre en el Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil (IDIMI) del Hospital San Borja Arriarán de la Universidad de Chile. Clasificación del estado nutricional utilizando datos registrados en ficha clínica. Marcadores de inflamación por medio de ELISA, hemoglobina glicosilada mediante métodos estándares. El análisis estadístico incluyó correlaciones mediante test de Spearman y diferencia de medias mediante test de Kruskal-Wallis seguido de post hoc Dunns. RESULTADOS: Un 30% de los pacientes con DM1 presentaron malnutrición por exceso. Al analizar la relación entre los niveles de marcadores inflamatorios y Hb glicosilada se observó la existencia de asociacion positiva entre usPCR y HbA1c (r= 0,30; p=0,0352) y entre IL-6 y HbA1c (r= - 0,038; p=0,0352). CONCLUSIONES: este estudio describe una posible asociación entre parámetros clásicos de inflamación con la hemoglobina glicosilada en las categorias de sobrepeso y obesidad en pacientes con DM1.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that generates permanent exogenous insulin dependence, accompanied by chronic subclinical inflammation that leads to an elevation of inflammation markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between BMI on markers of inflammation and metabolic control in children and young people with T1D between 5 and 15 years of age. METHODOLOGY: A clinical, observational and exploratory study was carried out, based on the collection of data from clinical records and blood samples of children and adolescents with DM1 at the Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil (IDIMI) of the Hospital San Borja Arriarán of the Universidad de Chile. Nutritional status, levels of inflammation markers and glycosylated hemoglobin were determined by standardized methods. Statistical analysis included correlations by Spearman test and mean difference by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunns test. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients with T1D were analyzed, 30% of whom presented excess malnutrition. Those children or adolescents with obesity presented significantly higher usPCR levels compared to underweight patients or patients at risk of malnutrition (p=0.039). In addition, HbA1c levels were determined which were negatively associated with usPCR (r= 0.30; p=0.0352) and IL-6 (r= - 0.038; p=0.0352) levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study points out that nutritional status is associated with usPCR levels, in agreement with what is described in the literature and shows a possible association between classical parameters of inflammation with glycosylated hemoglobin in children and adolescents with nutritional diagnosis of overweight or obesity.

Factores relacionados al estado nutricional y actividad en estudiantes universitarios de Santiago / Factors related to nutritional status and physical activity in university students from Santiago

Introducción: La actividad física y el estado nutricional son dos componentes fundamentales en el estilo de vida de las personas. Los jóvenes universitarios, al encontrarse expuestos a distintos entornos, son vulnerables a adquirir ciertos hábitos y actitudes que pueden llegar a perjudicar su salud. En República Dominicana se carecen de estos datos, dándole importancia a este estudio, investigando sobre dichos factores modificables. Objetivos: Determinar los factores relacionados al estado nutricional y actividad física en estudiantes universitarios de la provincia Santiago de los Caballeros en el período de mayo-julio 2022. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo corte transversal utilizando fuentes primarias en el periodo 2021-2022 en Santiago, a través de un cuestionario con 33 preguntas, aplicado previo a consentimiento informado, en una muestra de 201 estudiantes seleccionados por un muestreo no probabilístico, de tipo bola de nieve en una población desconocida. Resultados: La mayoría de la población encuestada era de sexo femenino (67.2%), el estado nutricional predominante era aquel con un IMC normal (36.8%), la mayor parte de los universitarios eran inactivos físicamente (41.8%), y los hábitos alimenticios de los mismos eran parcialmente inadecuados (57.2%). Conclusión: La relación entre los factores sociodemográficos y académicos con la actividad física y el estado nutricional no fue estadísticamente significativa. Sin embargo, se evidenció una relación significativa entre la actividad física inactiva y los hábitos alimenticios parcialmente inadecuados de los participantes.

Introduction: Physical activity and nutritional status are two fundamental components of a person's lifestyle. Young university students, being exposed to different environments, are vulnerable to acquiring certain habits and attitudes that may be detrimental to their health. In the Dominican Republic these data are deficient, giving importance to this study, investigating these modifiable factors. Objectives: To determine the factors related to the nu-tritional status and physical activity in university stu-dents of the Santiago de los Caballeros province in the period of May-July 2022. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was ca-rried out using primary sources in the period 2021-2022 in Santiago, using a questionnaire with 33 questions, applied prior to informed consent, in a sample of 201 students selected by a non-probabilistic sampling of snowball type in an unknown population. Results: The majority of the population surveyed was female (67.2%), the predominant nutritional status was normal BMI (36.8%), most of the university students were physically inactive (41.8%), and their eating ha-bits were partially inadequate (57.2%). Conclusion: The relationship between sociodemogra-phic and academic factors with physical activity and nu-tritional status was not statistically significant. Howe-ver, a significant relationship was evidenced between inactive physical activity and partially inadequate eating habits of the participants.

Desenlaces obstétricos y perinatales en embarazadas con obesidad. Estudio de prevalencia / Obstetric and perinatal results in pregnant women with obesity. Prevalence study

Resumen OBJETIVO: Evaluar la prevalencia de obesidad en el área de influencia del Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor y analizar los desenlaces obstétricos y perinatales de embarazadas obesas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo efectuado con base en los datos de partos atendidos en el año 2019 en el Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor y asentados en las historias clínicas. Se evaluaron y determinaron la prevalencia de obesidad, las variables maternas y el desenlace perinatal en embarazadas con obesidad. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 428 embarazadas, con obesidad, de 2048 partos atendidos. La prevalencia de obesidad fue 21.59%. La edad materna fue 32 años y 39.10% eran migrantes; el índice de masa corporal (IMC) medio fue 33.61 kg/m2; 33.18% eran primíparas; 14.12% recibieron algún tratamiento y 18.63% seguimiento endocrinológico. Las semanas de embarazo al parto fueron 39; 43.93% de los partos se indujeron. La tasa de cesáreas fue 26.17% y en el 51.45% hubo complicaciones. El peso medio de los recién nacidos fue 3345.9 g. La mediana del Apgar al primer minuto fue 9 y 10 a los 5. El 16.24% de los recién nacidos tuvo pH en sangre de cordón ≤ 7.20; 1.96% de los recién nacidos ingresó a cuidados intensivos y 0.93% fue la tasa de muerte fetal. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de obesidad fue superior a la media nacional. Factores como la migración y la multiparidad se asociaron con mayor IMC, y éste con más complicaciones (ingreso a cuidados intensivos y muerte fetal anteparto). La obesidad se asoció con mayor tasa de inducción de parto, cesáreas, desgarros perineales, peso fetal y menor pH al nacimiento.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of obesity in the healthcare area of Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor and analyze the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of obese patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective transversal observational study based on data from births in Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor during 2019. 2048 clinical records were evaluated in order to determine prevalence of obesity, as well as maternal and perinatal outcomes variables in pregnant women with obesity. RESULTS: A total of 428 pregnant women with obesity were analyzed out of 2048 deliveries attended. The prevalence of obesity was 21.59%. Maternal age was 32 years; 39.10% of the patients were migrants; the mean BMI was 33.61 kg/m2; 33.18% were primiparous; 14.2% received any pharmacological treatment and 18.63% had endocrinological follow-up. Gestational age at labour was 39 weeks; 43.93% of deliveries were induced; caesarean delivery rate was 26.17% and 51.45% presented complications. Newborn's mean weight was 3345.9 g. The 1-minute Apgar score median was 9 and the 5-minute Apgar score was 10; 16.24% of newborns had cord pH≤7.20; 1.96% ICU admission and 0.93% of fetal death. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity in pregnant women in the Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor healthcare area was higher than the national mean. Factors such as migration and multiparity are associated with higher BMI, which leads to an increased risk of complications, especially ICU admission and antepartum fetal death. Obesity is associated with a higher rate of labour induction, caesarean delivery, tears, higher neonatal weight and lower pH.

Nutritional assessment of servicemen in relation to area of duty and feeding habits: a Pakistani prospective

Abstract The present study was carried out to determine incidence of overweight and obesity in Pakistani servicemen with reference to their area of duty, feeding habits and also to identify risk factors. Accordingly, 2,501 servicemen selected from all over Pakistan using multiple stage stratified sampling protocol. Nutrition assessment performed using body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and dietary assessment using food frequency questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed using the SPSS version 25. Regression was used to find risk factors of obesity and WHR. Results indicated that about 1/4th of servicemen were smokers. Approximately, 1/5th of them were overweight and about one quarter were eating fruits and vegetables for 3 days/ week and 4 days/week, respectively. Only 1/3rd of them were physically active for at least 40 minutes per day. Age and fruits intake were significantly predicting BMI with a direct relation and vegetable intake was negatively correlated to BMI of the servicemen. Age and rank were significant predictors of WHR while, physical activity was negatively correlated to WHR. It is concluded and suggested from our study that there is a need to modify eating patterns and habits as well as improving physical activity on daily basis for healthy and long life of the servicemen.

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Correlación y concordancia del índice de masa corporal con el perímetro abdominal y el índice cintura-talla en adultos peruanos de 18 a 59 años / Correlation and concordance between the body mass index and abdominal perimeter with the waist-to-height ratio in peruvian adults aged 18 to 59 years

Objetivos. Determinar la correlación y concordancia diagnóstica del índice de masa corporal (IMC), con el perímetro abdominal (PA) y el índice cintura-talla (ICT). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, de datos secundarios usando las bases de datos antropométricos de la Encuesta Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional por Etapas de Vida Adulto de 18 a 59 años 2017-2018 que incluyó 1084 personas para los dominios geográficos Lima Metropolitana, resto urbano y rural. Se estimaron las prevalencias de obesidad según IMC, PA e ICT y se empleó el coeficiente de correlación de Lin y Kappa de Cohen para determinar la correlación y concordancia entre las tres mediciones antropométricas. Resultados. Según los criterios de IMC, PA e ICT las prevalencias de obesidad fueron de 26,8%, 50,4% y 85,4%, respectivamente; las prevalencias fueron mayores en mujeres y en mayores de 30 años. La correlación entre IMC vs. PA e IMC vs. ICT fue pobre y de PA con ICT fue moderada, con diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Además, la concordancia entre IMC y PA fue aceptable, mientras que la concordancia entre IMC vs. ICT fue leve. Conclusiones . Los resultados de la correlación y concordancia son limitados y sugieren que no son medidas intercambiables, por lo que es necesario evaluar la suficiencia de emplear solo IMC para el diagnóstico de obesidad en el Perú. Esta limitada correlación y concordancia se refleja en las diferentes proporciones de obesidad que oscilan entre 26,8% a 85,4% al aplicar los tres criterios.

Objective. To determine the correlation and diagnostic agreement of body mass index (BMI) and abdominal perimeter (AP) with the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Materials and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional, secondary data study was conducted using the anthropometric databases of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance Survey by Adult Life Stages from 18 to 59 years old, 2017-2018, which included 1084 individuals for the geographic domains of Metropolitan Lima, other urban areas, and rural regions. The prevalence of obesity was estimated according to BMI, AP and WHtR. Lin's correlation coefficient and Cohen's Kappa were used to determine the correlation and agreement between the three anthropometric measurements. Results. According to the BMI, AP, and WHtR criteria, the prevalence of obesity was 26.8%, 50.4% and 85.4%, respectively; the prevalence was higher in women and in those over 30 years of age. The correlation between BMI and AP, as well as between BMI and WHtR was poor; it was moderate between AP and WHtR, with differences between men and women. Furthermore, the agreement between BMI and AP was acceptable, whereas the agreement between BMI vs. WHtR was mild. Conclusions. The results regarding correlation and agreement are limited and suggest that they are not interchangeable measures, so it is necessary to evaluate the adequacy of using BMI alone for the diagnosis of obesity in Peru. The limited correlation and agreement was reflected in the different proportions of obesity that range from 26.8% to 85.4% when applying the three criteria.

Avaliação Nutricional de Pacientes com Esquizofrenia dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial do Extremo Sul Catarinense: Uma Série de Casos / Nutritional Assessment of Patients with Schizophrenia from Psychosocial Care Centers in the Extreme South of Santa Catarina State: a Case Series

Introdução: Análises corporais mais específicas mostram que pacientes com esquizofrenia também apresentam uma porcentagem de gordura mais elevada quando comparado a indivíduos saudáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os pacientes de acordo com as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, estado nutricional e risco cardiovascular de pacientes com esquizofrenia. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 26 pacientes com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial das cidades de Criciúma/SC, e de Siderópolis/ SC, e com os pacientes com esquizofrenia da Farmácia Escola da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense. Verificaram-se variráveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, medidas antropométricas (peso, estatura, circunferência abdominal, razão cintura-quadril, avaliação combinada, percentual de gordura corporal) e a classificação da pressão arterial. A amostra constituiu-se de 26 indivíduos, 50% homens e 50% mulheres, e a idade média foi de 42,4 anos. Cerca de 50% utilizavam antipsicóticos de primeira geração, 23,1%, antipsicóticos de segunda geração e 26,9%, ambos. A maior parte dos indivíduos encontrava-se com estado nutricional alterado, sendo que 42,3% com obesidade pelo Índice de Massa Corporal e 61,5% com a circunferência abdominal acima do desejado. Os resultados da razão cintura-quadril mostraram que 76,9% dos indivíduos estavam com risco aumentado para doenças cardiovasculares e obesidade, e 73,1% apresentaram excesso de gordura corporal. Parâmetros de estado nutricional e risco cardiovascular estiveram associados, indicando a necessidade do uso destes de forma conjunta. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário monitorar a situação nutricional e de saúde desses indivíduos para melhoria dos cuidados prestados, com promoção de atenção nutricional em um contexto multiprofissional.

Introduction: More specific body analyses show that patients with schizophrenia also have a higher fat percentage when compared to healthy individuals. This study aimed to characterize patients according to sociodemographic and clinical variables, nutritional status, and cardiovascular risk of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 26 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in the Psychosocial Care Centers of the cities of Criciúma and Siderópolis and with patients with schizophrenia from the Pharmacy School of the Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense. We verified sociodemographic and clinical variables, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, abdominal circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, combined assessment, body fat percentage), and blood pressure classification. The sample consisted of 26 individuals, 50% male and 50% female, and the mean age was 42.4 years. About 50% used first-generation antipsychotics, 23.1% second-generation antipsychotics, and 26.9% both. Most individuals had altered nutritional status, 42.3% were obese according to the Body Mass Index, and 61.5% had abdominal circumference above the desired range. The results of the waist-to-hip ratio showed that 76.9% of the individuals were at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and obesity, and 73.1% had excess body fat. Parameters of nutritional status and cardiovascular risk were associated, indicating the need to use them together. Conclusion: It is necessary to monitor the nutritional and health status of these individuals to improve the care provided, promoting nutritional care in a multidisciplinary context,

Relación entre la deficiencia de vitamina D con el estado nutricional y otros factores en adultos de la región interandina del Ecuador / Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency with Nutritional Status and Other Factors in Adults from the Inter-Andean Region of Ecuador

Resumen Antecedentes: la deficiencia de vitamina D es un problema de salud pública asociado con diversas enfermedades en población adulta que podría estar relacionado con la actividad laboral. Objetivo: relacionar la deficiencia de vitamina D con el estado nutricional, la composición corporal y factores sociodemográficos en trabajadores de Quito, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal en 245 trabajadores. Se evaluó vitamina D sérica por inmunofluorescencia, estado nutricional por Índice de Masa Corporal, composición corporal por bioimpedancia y otros factores sociodemo gráficos. Se usó regresión logística para identificar asociaciones entre deficiencia de vitamina D y variables de interés. Resultados: el 76 % de la población presentó deficiencia de vitamina D. El riesgo cardiovascular por circunferencia abdominal, edad y sexo estaban asociados con deficiencia de vitamina D. Por cada centímetro de incremento en la circunferencia abdominal, la prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D incrementaba 4,4 % (OR = 1,044 IC95 %:1,001-1,008; p = 0,043). Por cada año de edad de incremento, la prevalencia disminuía 4,1 % (OR = 0,96; IC95 %:0,93-0,99; p = 0,030). Las mujeres mostraron 2,33 veces más deficiencia de vitamina D en comparación con los hombres (OR = 2,33 IC95 %:1,28-6,94 p = 0,011). Conclusión: la deficiencia de vitamina D es alta en los traba jadores de la ciudad de Quito. Aparentemente, mujeres jóvenes con una circunferencia abdominal alta tienen mayor probabilidad de presentar esta deficiencia. El exceso de peso podría estar reduciendo la actividad física al aire libre, lo que disminuye a su vez la exposición a la luz solar y esto deriva en deficiencia de vitamina D.

Abstract: Background: Vitamin D Deficiency is a public health problem associated with various diseases in the adult population that could be related to work activity. Objective: To relate vitamin D deficiency with nutritional status, body composition, and sociodemographic factors in workers from Quito, Ecuador. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study in 245 workers. Serum vitamin D was evaluated by immunofluorescence, nutritional status by Body Mass Index, body composition by bioimpedance, and other sociodemographic factors were also evaluated. The associations between vitamin D deficiency and variables of interest were examined by logistic regression. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was presented in 76% of the participants. Cardiovascular risk by abdominal circumference, age, and sex were associ ated with vitamin D deficiency. For each centimeter increase in abdominal circumference, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increased 4.4% (OR = 1.044 CI95%:1.001-1.008; p = 0.043). For each year of age increase, the prevalence decreased 4.1% (OR = 0.96; 95%CI:0.93-0.99; p = 0.030). Women showed 2.33 times more vitamin D deficiency than men (OR = 2.33 CI95%:1.28-6.94 p = 0.011). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is high in workers in the city of Quito. Apparently, young female with a high abdominal circumference appear to be more likely to be this deficient. Excess weight likely influences outdoor physical activity, which in turn decreases exposure to sunlight and leads to vitamin D deficiency.

Determinantes Sociales de la Salud", "Habitus" y "Embodiment" detrás de un IMC elevado. Un análisis social del actual escenario epidemiológico / Social Determinants of Health", "Habitus" and "Embodiment" behind a high BMI. A social analysis of the current epidemiological scenario

El índice de masa corporal (IMC) elevado marcaría hoy una nueva etapa dentro de la transición epidemiológica, siendo posible develar el origen social del nuevo perfil de morbimortalidad. Esta revisión busca integrar diferentes conceptos teóricos para explicar los mecanismos a través de los cuales lo social se incorpora en el individuo, delimitando su comportamiento en salud y con ello, su estado nutricional. Las estructuras que representan los determinantes sociales de la salud operarían de manera sistemáticamente distinta sobre las personas, generando posiciones más o menos ventajosas dentro del campo de juego sanitario. Este patrón traduce una realidad que se encarna (embodiment) de manera inconsciente y duradera a través de un habitus, favoreciendo prácticas sociales diferenciadas que terminan por construir clases de cuerpos como expresión biológica de la desigualdad. La toma de decisiones estratégicas en salud dependerá de capacidades y libertades individuales primeramente restringidas por aquellos contextos sociales, entendiéndose estos como las causas estructurales de la salud poblacional(AU)

A high body mass index (BMI) would characterize a new stage in the epidemiological transition, making it possible to reveal the social origin of the new morbidity and mortality burden. This review seeks to integrate different theoretical concepts to explain the mechanisms through which the social is incorporated into the individual, delimiting their health behavior and with it, their nutritional status. The structures that represent the social determinants of health would operate systematically differently on different social groups, generating positions that are more or less advantageous in the playing field of health. This pattern translates a reality embodied unconsciously and long-lasting through a habitus, favoring differing social practices that result in the construction of bodily classes as a biological expression of social inequality. Strategic decision-making in health will depend on individual capacities and freedoms, which are firstly restricted by those social contexts, being those understood as the structural causes of population health(AU)

Family influences on food choices and nutrition: What does the literature say?

ABSTRACT The prevention of diseases related to nutrition requires an approach that considers aspects that transcend the individual level in understanding food decisions. In this context, the family as an interpersonal determinant of eating behavior is gaining importance in developing behavioral change interventions that seek better nutritional health. This manuscript aims to describe the current evidence of how family variables influence its members' food choices and nutritional status. Specifically, we present evidence on family functioning, parental feeding styles, and family meals, as they are recent topics of interest in the area. The evidence shows that a better or balanced family functioning or some of its components (communication, conflicts, cohesion, among others); a parental feeding style that demands but listens to the requirements from children; and a higher frequency of family meals are associated with a lower Body Mass Index (BMI) and healthier eating habits, especially in children and adolescents. A deep understanding of family variables could guide weight management interventions and provide information that could explain why some interventions work and others do not.

RESUMEN La prevención de enfermedades relacionadas con la nutrición requiere de un enfoque que considere aspectos que transciendan el nivel individual en el entendimiento de las decisiones alimentarias. En este contexto, la familia como un determinante interpersonal de las conductas alimentarias, está ganando importancia en el desarrollo de intervenciones de cambio conductual que buscan una mejor salud nutricional. Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir la evidencia actual de cómo variables familiares influyen en las elecciones alimentarias y el estado nutricional de sus miembros. Específicamente, presentamos evidencia sobre el funcionamiento familiar, los estilos parentales de alimentación y las comidas familiares, ya que son temas recientes de interés en el área. La evidencia muestra que un mejor o equilibrado funcionamiento familiar o de algunos de sus componentes (comunicación, conflictos, cohesión, entre otros); un estilo parental que exige, pero escucha los requerimientos de los niños; y una mayor frecuencia de comidas familiares se asocian con un menor Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y hábitos alimentarios más saludables, especialmente en niños y adolescentes. Una comprensión profunda de las variables familiares podría orientar las intervenciones de control de peso y brindar información que explicaría por qué algunas intervenciones funcionan y otras no.

Índice de masa corporal, peso ideal y porcentaje de grasacorporal en personas de diferentes grupos etarios / Body mass index, ideal weight and percentage of body fat inpeople of different age groups

El objetivo es comparar el IMC con el porcentaje de grasa corporal y el peso ideal, para complementar el IMC en el diagnóstico de obesidad, de un grupo de adultos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal, prospectivo y correlacional, en una muestra de 797 adultos con edad entre 17 y 96 años, atendidos en diferentes centros clínicos de Caracas, entre 2015 y 2018. Las variables son: edad, peso, talla y se calcularon el IMC, porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC) y peso ideal (PI). Se clasificaron por sexo, grupo etáreo y según el IMC en normalidad y obesidad. Se utilizaron dos fórmulas para el PGC: Deurenberg y Regresión; y tres fórmulas para PI: Lorenz, Ramírez et al y Broca. Se obtuvieron medidas descriptivas, asociación, correlación, comparación de promedios y prueba de normalidad, mediante el soware Excel, Epidat.2. Resultados: Promedios de IMC y PGC aumentan hasta los 40 años y disminuye hasta los 79 años, las variables Talla ­ PI Broca, e IMC- PGCR correlacionan bien (r>0,75). Los promedios del IMC, PGCD, PGCR, PI Broca y PI Lorenz, según sexo, son significativos (p<0,000); para el IMC, en Normalidad y Obesidad, los promedios de peso, IMC, PGCD y PGCR son mayores en grupo de Obesidad, y significativos (p<0,000). La prueba de normalidad Shapiro-Francia comprobó que la distribución del IMC, PGCD, PGCR y PI Lorenz, provienen de una población distribuida normalmente (p< 0,000). Conclusiones: el IMC aun cuando es utilizado más frecuentemente para diagnosticar obesidad, clasifica con normalidad, a quienes tienen un alto porcentaje de grasa corporal(AU)

The objective is to compare BMI with the percentage of body fat and ideal weight, to supplement BMI in the diagnosis of obesity, from a group of adults. METHODS: descriptive, cross-cutting, prospective and correlational study, in a sample of 797 adults between 17 and 96 years old, attended in different clinical centers of Caracas, between 2015 and 2018. the variables are: age, weight, size and BMI was calculated, percentage of body fat (BFP) and ideal weight (IW). they were classified by sex, age group and BMI in normality and obesity. Two formulas were used for BFP: Deurenberg and Regression; and three formulas for IW: Lorenz, Ramirez-Lopez et al and Broca. Descriptive measures, association, correlation, average comparison and normality test were obtained, using Excel software, Epidat.2. RESULT: BMI and BFP averages increase to 40 years and decrease to age 79, the variables Size ­ IW Broca, and BMI- BFPR correlate well (r>0.75). e average BMI, BFPD, BFPR, IW Broca and IW Lorenz, depending on gender, are significant (p<0.000); for BMI, in Normality and Obesity, the weight averages, BMI, BFPD and BFPR are higher in the Obesity group, and significant (p<0,000). the Shapiro-France normality test found that the distribution of BMI, BFPD, BFPR and IW Lorenz, comes from a normally distributed population (p< 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: BMI even though it is most commonly used to diagnose obesity, it classifies normally, those with a high percentage of body fat(AU)

Dos fórmulas para calcular el IMC, y su relación con otros indicadores antropométricos en adultos / Two formulas for calculating BMI, and their relationship toother anthropometric indicators in adults

Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal y correlacional, cuyo objetivo es relacionar dos fórmulas para calcular el IMC, con otros indicadores, en un grupo de adultos. METODOS: La muestra es de 137 adultos pacientes que asistieron a consulta en el Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Las variables son: edad, peso, talla, IMC-Q, IMC-O, CC,ICT, IPCC y PGC. Se obtuvieron promedios, desviaciones, porcentajes y pruebas z y Mann Whitney para comparar medias y Mediana. RESULTADOS: Los promedios del IMC-Q similares en los dos sexos, y del IMC-O mayor en el sexo femenino. Las dos fórmulas para calcular el IMC dan como resultado que en Bajo peso el porcentaje mayor con IMC-O, porcentaje de Sobrepeso mayor con IMC-Q y significativo (p<0,000) y porcentajes de Peso saludable y Obesidad son iguales. Promedios iguales, por grupo, del PGC para las dos fórmulas del IMC, y aumentan desde Peso saludable hasta Obesidad. El Coeficiente de Variación, revela más homogeneidad en el IMC-O (18,41%vs 25,21%). IMC-Q correlaciona con peso (0,91), CC (0,92)e ICT (0,93); el IMC-O con peso (0,97), CC (0,83) e IPCC(0,90). La prueba de Mann Whitney revela que los promedios por sexo son significativos (p<0,000), al igual que los promedios del IPCC por sexo (p<0,000). Además, los indicadores IMC Oxford, CC, ICT e IPCC tienen Sensibilidad de 92,3%, 92,3% y92,3%, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: El IMC Oxford por su algo complicada fórmula de cálculo, no es recomendable para evaluar sobrepeso y obesidad, en adultos(AU)

Descriptive, prospective, transversal and correlational study, whose objective is to relate two formulas for calculating BMI, with other indicators, in a group of adults. METHODS: the sample is of 137 adult patients who attended consultation at the University Hospital of Caracas. the variables are: age,weight, size, BMI-Q, BMI-O, WC, WSI, WCWP and BFP. Averages, deviations, percentages and z-tests and Mann Whitney were obtained to compare averages and Median. RESULTS: Similar BMI-Q averages in both sexes, and older BMI-O infemale sex. the two formulas for calculating BMI result in the highest percentage with BMI-O, higher overweight percentage with BMI-Q and significant (p<0.000) and percentages of Healthy Weight and Obesity equal. Equal averages, per group, of BFP for the two BMI formulas, and increase from HealthyWeight to Obesity. e Coefficient of Variation reveals morehomogeneity in BMI-O (18.41% vs 25.21%). BMI-Q correlateswith weight (0.91), WC (0.92) and WSI (0.93); IMC-O withweight (0.97), WC (0.83) and WCWI (0.90). Whitney's testreveals that averages by sex are significant (p<0,000), as are IPCC averages per sex (p<0.000). In addition, the BMI Oxford,WC, WSI and WCWI indicators have sensitivity of 92,3%,92.3% and 92.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: the BMI Oxford for its somewhat complicated calculation formula is not recommended to evaluate overweight and obesity, in adults(AU)

Perfil de composición corporal en militares élite chilenos / Body composition profile of elite Chilean military

RESUMEN: La Bioimpedancia Eléctrica (BIA), al ser una técnica no invasiva pero de elevada precisión, se ha convertido en la actualidad en una herramienta valiosa para determinar la composición corporal en militares, facilitado el control de las distintas variables que se asocian a cada especialidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir el perfil de composición corporal en militares de elite al momento de finalizar un curso de especialización. Participaron 11 militares con un rango de edad entre 22 y 29 años. Se evalúo la composición corporal a través de BIA, inmediatamente después de finalizado un curso de especialización para militares de élite. Las evaluaciones en los militares sobre las variables de la composición corporal a través de BIA mostraron: peso corporal de 84,3 ± 4,52 kg, talla 1,78 ± 0,06 m, índice de masa corporal (IMC) 26,5 ± 1,09, tejido adiposo de 13,7 ± 3,65 %, tejido muscular 49,5 ± 2,34 %, masa libre de grasa 72,7 ± 5,23 kg y 53,2 ± 3,78 l de agua corporal total. Conclusiones: Los militares de elite presentaron elevados niveles de masa libre de grasa, tejido muscular y bajos niveles de tejido adiposo lo que favorece el desarrollo de las actividades militares especializadas y disminuye el riesgo de lesiones. Los datos aquí recogidos sirven como marco de referencia para futuros estudios.

SUMMARY: Electrical bioimpedance (BIA), being a non- invasive technique but with high precision, has become a valuable tool for determining body composition in the military, facilitating the control of the different variables associated with each specialty. The aim of the present study was to describe the body composition profile of elite military personnel at the end of a specialization course. Eleven military personnel between 22 and 29 years of age participated in the study. Body composition was assessed by BIA immediately after completion of a specialization course for elite military personnel. Assessments in the military on body composition variables through BIA showed: body weight of 84.3 ± 4.52 kg, height 1.78 ± 0.06 m, body mass index (BMI) 26.5 ± 1.09, adipose tissue of 13.7 ± 3.65 %, muscle tissue 49.5 ± 2.34 %, fat free mass 72.7 ± 5.23 kg and 53.2 ± 3.78 l of total body water. Conclusions: Elite military personnel presented high levels of fat free mass, muscle tissue and low levels of adipose tissue which favors the development of specialized military activities and decreases the risk of injury. The data collected here serve as a frame of reference for future studies.

The bidirectional association between wheezing and obesity during adolescence and the beginning of adulthood in the 1993 birth cohort, Pelotas, Brazil / Associação bidirecional entre sibilância e obesidade durante a adolescência e início da vida adulta na coorte de nascimentos de 1993, Pelotas, Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the bidirectional association between wheezing and obesity during adolescence and the beginning of adulthood in a cohort in southern Brazil. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study used data from the 1993 birth cohort in Pelotas, Brazil. The following outcome variables were measured at 22 years of age: self-reported wheezing during the last 12 months and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The following exposure variables were measured at ages 11, 15, and 18: self-reported wheezing (no wheezing or symptom presentation in 1, 2, or 3 follow-ups) and obesity (non-obese or obese in 1, 2, or 3 follow-ups). Crude and adjusted logistical regression stratified by sex were used in the analyses. The reference category was defined as participants who presented no wheezing or obesity. Results: A total of 3,461 participants had data on wheezing and 3,383 on BMI. At 22 years of age, the prevalence of wheezing was 10.1% (95%CI: 9.1; 11.2), and obesity, 16.2% (95%CI: 15.0; 17.6). In females, the presence of wheezing in two follow-ups revealed a 2.22-fold (95%CI: 1.36; 3.61) greater chance of developing obesity at 22 years of age. Meanwhile, the presence of obesity in two follow-ups resulted in a 2.03-fold (95%IC: 1.05; 3.92) greater chance of wheezing at 22 years of age. No associations were found between wheezing and obesity in males. Conclusions: The obtained data suggest a possible positive bidirectional association between wheezing and obesity, with greater odds ratios in the wheezing to obesity direction in females and in the category of occurrence of exposure in two follow-ups.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação bidirecional entre sibilância e obesidade durante a adolescência e início da vida adulta em uma coorte no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Este estudo longitudinal prospectivo utilizou dados da coorte de nascimentos de 1993 em Pelotas, Brasil. As seguintes variáveis de desfecho foram medidas aos 22 anos de idade: sibilância autorreferida nos últimos 12 meses e obesidade (IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2). As seguintes variáveis de exposição foram medidas aos 11, 15 e 18 anos: sibilância autorreferida (sem sibilos ou presença do sintoma em 1, 2 ou 3 acompanhamentos) e obesidade (não obesos ou obesos em 1, 2 ou 3 acompanhamentos). Regressões logísticas simples e ajustada estratificadas por sexo foram utilizadas nas análises. A categoria de referência foi definida como participantes que não apresentavam sibilância ou obesidade. Resultados: Um total de 3.461 participantes tinham dados sobre sibilância e 3.383 sobre IMC. Aos 22 anos, a prevalência de sibilância foi de 10,1% (IC95%: 9,1; 11,2) e obesidade, 16,2% (IC95%: 15,0; 17,6). Em mulheres, a presença de sibilância em dois acompanhamentos apresentou 2,22 vezes (IC95%: 1,36; 3,61) maior chance de desenvolver obesidade aos 22 anos. Enquanto isso, a presença de obesidade em dois acompanhamentos resultou em 2,03 vezes (IC95%: 1,05; 3,92) maior chance de sibilância aos 22 anos. Não foram encontradas associações entre sibilância e obesidade em homens. Conclusões: Os dados obtidos sugerem uma possível associação bidirecional positiva entre sibilância e obesidade, com maiores razões de chance na direção sibilância para obesidade em mulheres e na categoria de ocorrência da exposição em dois acompanhamentos.

Relación entre la ubicación de la burbuja de aire en la transferencia embrionaria y las tasas de implantación y gestación evolutiva / Relationship between air bubble location at embryo transfer and implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates

Resumen OBJETIVO: Evaluar la relación entre la ubicación de la burbuja de aire que contiene los embriones y las tasas de implantación y de gestación clínica. El secundario: estudiar la relación entre la posición de la punta de la cánula, el grosor endometrial y el desplazamiento de la burbuja con esos desenlaces reproductivos. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y de análisis de imágenes ecográficas de transferencias de embrión único en estadio de blastocisto practicadas por un mismo especialista en la Fundación IVI, Valencia, España, entre septiembre de 2013 y febrero de 2021. Criterios de selección: grosor endometrial ≥ 6 mm en el último control ecográfico, ausencia de miomas, IMC menor de 30 kg/m2, transferencias atraumáticas efectuadas por el mismo especialista. En función de la ubicación de la burbuja de aire se establecieron tres grupos de estudio (alta: mayor de 0.98 cm, media: 0.98 a 1.44 cm y baja: mayor de 1.44 cm) y para evaluar la asociación entre las categorías se aplicó el cálculo de razón de momios (OR) e IC95%. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 342 transferencias de embrión único. La edad media de las pacientes fue 39.70 ± 4.5 años. La relación entre la distancia de la burbuja de aire al fondo uterino y la tasa de implantación fue de 61 ± 9% en el grupo de ubicación alta, 64 ± 9% en el grupo de ubicación media, y de 56 ± 1% en el grupo de ubicación baja (p = 0.437). No se observaron diferencias en la tasa de gestación evolutiva analizada mediante probabilidad de ocurrencia entre grupos, con frecuencias de 0.60 en comparación con 0.64 (OR: 1.42; IC95%: 0.83 a 2.44; p: 0.199) y en la ubicación alta con media, y frecuencias de 0.60 en comparación con 0.56 (OR: 1.22; IC95%: 0.72-2.08; p: 0.462) entre alta y baja. CONCLUSIONES: No se encontró asociación entre la ubicación de la burbuja y las tasas de implantación y de gestación evolutiva. El mayor desplazamiento de la burbuja se asoció con mayores tasas de gestación evolutiva.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the location of the air bubble containing the embryos and the implantation and clinical gestation rates. Secondary: to study the relationship between the position of the cannula tip, the endometrial thickness and the displacement of the bubble with these reproductive outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, observational, ultrasound image analysis study of single embryo transfers at blastocyst stage performed by the same specialist at the IVI Foundation, Valencia, Spain, between September 2013 and February 2021. Selection criteria: endometrial thickness ≥ 6 mm at the last ultrasound control, absence of fibroids, BMI less than 30 kg/m2, atraumatic transfers, performed by the same specialist. Based on the location of the air bubble, three study groups were established (high: greater than 0.98 cm, medium: 0.98 to 1.44 cm and low: greater than 1.44 cm) and the odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI were used to evaluate the association between the categories. RESULTS: A total of 342 single embryo transfers were studied. The mean age of the patients was 39.70 ± 4.5 years. The relationship between the distance of the air bubble to the uterine fundus and the implantation rate was 61 ± 9% in the high placement group, 64 ± 9% in the medium placement group, and 56 ± 1% in the low placement group (p = 0.437). No differences were observed in the evolutionary gestation rate analyzed by probability of occurrence between groups, with frequencies of 0.60 compared to 0.64 (OR: 1.42; 95%CI: 0.83 to 2.44; p: 0.199) and high to medium location, and frequencies of 0.60 compared to 0.56 (OR: 1.22; 95%CI: 0.72-2.08; p: 0.462) between high and low. CONCLUSIONS: No association was found between the air bubble localization and implantation or ongoing pregnancy rates. However, a greater displacement of the bubble was associated with higher ongoing pregnancy rates.

Estado nutricional de la mujer embarazada y su relación con las complicaciones de la gestación y el recién nacido / Nutrition status of pregnant women and its relationship with complications of pregnancy and the newborn

RESUMEN: El estado nutricional materno determina las condiciones de salud y nutricionales del recién nacido, así como las complicaciones durante el embarazo y el parto. Se realizó el estudio en 894 mujeres que tuvieron su parto en los Hospitales de la ciudad de Loja Ecuador durante el periodo enero - junio del 2019. Se determinó la antropometría de la madre y de su hijo, así como se tomó datos de complicaciones durante el embarazo y el parto, de su historia clínica. Además, se efectuó la correlación entre el estado nutricional pre-gestacional de la madre con el recién nacido, de igual forma con el estado de salud de la madre. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el estado nutricional pre-gestacional y su relación con la condición de salud y nutricional del niño. El IMC pre-gestacional reportó 47,3 % de sobrepeso y obesidad y 2,6 % de bajo peso. En un porcentaje mayor al 10 % las madres con sobrepeso y obesidad tuvieron hijos grandes para la edad gestacional, de igual forma las madres con bajo peso tuvieron el 26,1 % recién nacidos pequeños. Las principales complicaciones de las madres relacionadas con sobrepeso y obesidad fueron: diabetes gestacional, hemorragia postparto y pre-eclampsia durante el embrazo. Importante señalar la alta frecuencia de infecciones de las vías urinarias 53,9 % (478); y vaginitis 22,3 % (199); aunque estas no están directamente relacionadas con procesos metabólicos como etiología, más si están favorecidos por ellos. Durante el parto la complicación más frecuente fue el parto distócico con un 8,9 % (77), además del total de partos el 41,8 % (374) terminaron en cesárea, de estos el 51, 6 % (193) corresponden a sobrepeso y obesidad. Las complicaciones del recién nacido fueron: Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, asfixia neonatal e hipoglicemia. En conclusión, el estado nutricional pre-gestacional de la madre está relacionado directamente con el estado de salud y nutricional del recién nacido.

SUMMARY: The maternal nutritional status determines the health and nutritional conditions of the newborn, as well as complications during pregnancy and childbirth. The study was carried out in 894 women who had their delivery in the Hospitals of the city of Loja Ecuador during the period January - June 2019. The anthropometry of the mother and her child was determined, as well as data on complications during pregnancy and delivery, from their clinical history. In addition, the correlation was made between the pre-gestational nutritional status of the mother with the newborn, in the same way with the health status of the mother. The objective of this work was to determine the pre-gestational nutritional status and its relationship with the health and nutritional condition of the child. The pre-gestational BMI reported 47.3 % overweight and obesity and 2.6 % underweight. In a percentage higher than 10 %, mothers with overweight and obesity had large children for gestational age, in the same way, mothers with low weight had 26.1 % small newborns. The main complications of the mothers related to overweight and obesity were: gestational diabe- tes, postpartum hemorrhage and pre-eclampsia during pregnancy. It is important to note the high frequency of urinary tract infections 53.9% (478); and vaginitis 22.3% (199; although these are not directly related to metabolic processes such as etiology, more if they are favored by them. During delivery, the most frequent complication was dystocic delivery with 8.9 % (77), in addition to the total deliveries 42.5 % (374) that ended in cesarean section, of which 51.6 % (193) correspond to overweight and obesity. The complications of the newborn were: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal asphyxia and hypoglycemia. In conclusion, the pre-gestational nutritional status of the mother is directly related to the health and nutritional status of the newborn.

Propuesta de un indicador para sobrepeso y obesidad: índicepeso-circunferencia de cintura (IPCC) / Proposal of an indicator for overweight and obesity: weight-circumference waist index (WCWI)

El objetivo es evaluar el IPCC, para proponerlo como indicador de sobrepeso y obesidad. Es un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal y correlacional, en una muestra de 896niños y adolescentes con edad de 6 y 19 años; 452 (50,4%)del sexo masculino y 444 (49,6%) del sexo femenino. Métodos: Se midieron las variables sexo, edad, peso, talla, IMC, PGC e IPCC; se determinaron promedios, desviación, correlaciones y curva ROC. Resultados: promedios de peso 43,1±14,8 kg; talla 146,2±15,8 cm; IMC 19,6±3,6 kg/m2; CC 66,7±9,3 cm; IPCC 0,64±0,2 y PGC 15,5±7,3. Correlaciones muy buenas entre Talla-Peso (0,87); Peso-IMC (0,84); Peso-IPCC (0,91);Talla-IPCC (0,80) e IMC-IPCC (0,75); porcentajes resultantes de clasificar a niños y adolescentes, según valores del IMC eI PCC, y los tres criterios asumidos como referencias, indican que: Sobrepeso 10,9% (IMC) y 11,6% (IPCC); Obesidad 5,3%(IMC) y 5,8% (IPCC). Para el criterio Media y Desviación, Sobrepeso 4,1% (IMC) y 8,1% (IPCC); Obesidad 0,3% (IMC)y 4,2% (IPCC). Para el criterio Fundacredesa, Sobrepeso 7,2%(IMC) y 8,0% (IPCC); Obesidad 3,3% (IMC) y 3,6% (IPCC).Promedios, por sexo, para las variables peso, talla, IMC, CC eI PCC, no significativos; si los promedios del PGC (p<0,000).Curva ROC se aleja de la diagonal, aunado al hecho que el área bajo la curva es 0,983, refleja la bondad del modelo, complementado con una alta sensibilidad y especificidad, garantizado así un al poder discriminante. Conclusión: Curva ROC del IPCC, con área bajo la curva es 0,983, alta sensibilidad y especificidad, con capacidad discriminante(AU)

The objective is to evaluate the WCWI, to propose it as an indicator of overweight and obesity. It is a descriptive, prospective, cross-cutting and correlational study, in a sample of 896 children and adolescents aged 6 and 19; 452 (50.4%)444 (49.6%) of the female sex. Methods: the variables sex, age, weight, size, BMI, BFP and WCWI were measured; averages, deviation, correlations and ROC curve were determined. Results: weight averages 43.1±14.8 kg; size 146.2±15.8 cm; BMI 19.6±3.6 kg/m2; WC 66.7±9.3 cm; WCWI 0.64±0.2 and BFP 15.5±7.3. Very good correlations between Size-Weight (0.87); Weight-BMI (0.84); WCWI-Weight (0.91);Size-WCWI (0.80) and BMI-WCWI (0.75); percentage Revista Digital de Postgrado, 2021, 10(3), e325, Septiembre-Diciembre, ISSN: 2244-761XPDF generado a partir de XML-JATS4 Rresulting from classifying children and adolescents, accordingto BMI and WCWI values, and the three criteria assumed as references, indicate that: Overweight 10.9% (BMI) and 11.6%(WCWI); Obesity 5.3% (BMI) and 5.8% (WCWI); for the Mean and Deviation criterion, Overweight 4.1% (BMI) and8.1% (WCWI); Obesity 0.3% (BMI) and 4.2% (WCWI).For the Fundacredesa criterion, Overweight 7.2% (BMI) and8.0% (WCWI); Obesity 3.3% (BMI) and 3.6% (WCWI).Averages by sex, for non-significant weight, size, BMI, WC and WCWI variables; BFP averages (p<0.000). ROC curvemoves away from the diagonal, coupled with the fact that thearea under the curve is 0.983, reflects the goodness of themodel, complemented by a high sensitivity and specificity, thusguaranteed a discriminating power. Conclusion: WCWI ROC curve, with are a under the curve is 0.983, high sensibility and specificity, with discriminating capacity(AU)

Antígeno prostático específico (PSA) relacionado al perfil antropométrico en pacientes del Hospital II Huamanga Carlos Tuppia García-Godos, EsSalud. Ayacucho

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación del nivel de antígeno prostático específico (PSA) plasmático y PSA masa según riesgo de padecer enfermedades prostáticas con el perfil antropométrico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio correlacional, de enfoque cuantitativo de dimensión transversal y retrospectiva. La muestra estuvo constituida por 156 historias clínicas de pacientes varones, con pruebas de PSA y datos antropométricos. Para el análisis de la relación de las variables se utilizó la prueba Rho de Spearman, con un nivel de confianza de 95 %. Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 67,85±10,83 años y presentaron un valor medio de PSA de 3,57±7,30 ng/mL. El 9,60 % (15 pacientes) tuvo un riesgo bajo de padecer enfermedades prostáticas (PSA = 4,1-9,90 ng/mL); el 5,10 % (8 individuos) mostró riesgo intermedio (PSA= 10-19,90 ng/mL); y el 3, 80 %(6 pacientes) tuvo un riesgo alto (PSA ≥20 ng/mL). El promedio del índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue 26,37±3,81 kg/m2 : 85 pacientes (54,50 %) tenían sobrepeso; y 18 (11,50 %), obesidad. La media de PSA masa fue14,89±30,50 μg; la superficie corporal (SC) se calculó en 3,93± 2,72 m2; y el volumen plasmático fue 4,18± 0,21 L. Se evidenció una correlación positiva muy baja entre el PSA plasmático y la edad (rho = 0,184; p = 0,022), así como con entre la PSA masa y la edad (rho = 0,176; p = 0,028). Se obtuvo una asociación positiva moderada entre el PSA plasmático y la superficie corporal (SC) (rho = 0,456; p = 0,000); y entre el PSA masa y SC (rho = 0,463; p = 0,000). No se encontró relación entre el IMC y el PSA. Conclusiones: Se evidenció la asociación entre el valor de PSA plasmático y PSA masa con el perfil antropométrico, según el riesgo de padecer enfermedades prostáticas, que fue mayor con la superficie corporal y la edad.

Objective: To determine the association between plasma and mass prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and the anthropometric profile, taking into account the risk of prostate pathologies. Materials and methods: A correlational, quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective study conducted with a sample of 156 medical records of male patients with PSA tests and anthropometric data. Spearman's Rho with a 95 % confidence level was used to analyze the relationship between the variables. Results: The average age of the patients was 67.85 ± 10.83 years and their mean PSA value was 3.57 ± 7.30 ng/mL. Fifteen (15) patients (9.60 %) had a low risk (PSA = 4.1 - 9.90 ng/mL), eight (5.10 %) a medium risk (PSA = 10 - 19.90 ng/mL) and six (3.80 %) a high risk (PSA ≥ 20 ng/mL) of developing prostate pathologies. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.37 ± 3.81 kg/m2: 85 patients (54.50 %) were overweight and 18 (11.50 %) were obese. The mean mass PSA was 14.89 ± 30.50 μg, the body surface area (BSA) was 3.93 ± 2.72 m2 and the plasma volume was 4.18 ± 0.21 L. A very low positive correlation was evidenced between plasma PSA and age (rho = 0.184; p = 0.022) and between mass PSA and age (rho = 0.176; p = 0.028). There was a moderate positive association between plasma PSA and BSA (rho = 0.456; p = 0.000) and between mass PSA and BSA (rho = 0.463; p = 0.000). No relationship was found between BMI and PSA. Conclusions: The association between plasma and mass PSA levels and the anthropometric profile was demonstrated, taking into account the risk of prostate pathologies, which increased with BSA and age.

Impacto de la obesidad en la agresividad del cáncer de próstata / Impact of obesity on the aggressiveness of prostate cancer / Impacto da obesidade na agressividade do câncer de próstata

RESUMEN El cáncer de próstata suele diagnosticarse tardíamente en obesos debido a que el exceso de tejido adiposo dificulta la detección del tumor al interferir en la exploración física (dificultad para realizar el tacto rectal) y en la confiabilidad de exámenes de diagnóstico complementarios como el Antígeno Prostático Específico (PSA, por sus siglas en inglés), retardando de esta forma la realización de la biopsia prostática. Con el objetivo de identificar la relación entre la obesidad y la agresividad del cáncer de próstata al momento de su diagnóstico, se realizó un estudio transversal, analítico en 136 pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de próstata mediante biopsia transrectal, en el Hospital Provincial "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes", de Bayamo, Granma, Cuba, desde el 1ro de enero de 2018 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020. El análisis de asociación entre las variables (Índice de Masa Corporal [IMC], PSA, Suma de Gleason y Estadio Clínico) se realizó a través de la prueba de Tukey y la U de Mann-Whitney. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 66,1 años. No se encontró asociación significativa entre el PSA y el IMC (p > 0,05), sin embargo, el valor del PSA mostró una tendencia a disminuir en la medida que aumentó el IMC. La suma de Gleason y el Estadio Clínico mostraron una asociación directa con el IMC, (p<0,003) y (p=0.000) respectivamente. Los pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad fueron más propensos a presentar valores de PSA más bajos y mayor Gleason, manifestándose en estos un mayor riesgo de cáncer de próstata agresivo al momento del diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Prostate cancer is often diagnosed late in obese because excess adipose tissue makes it difficult to detect the tumor by interfering with physical examination (difficulty performing rectal touch) and the reliability of complementary diagnostic tests such as Psa, the delaying prostate biopsy. In order to identify the relationship between obesity and the aggressiveness of prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis, a cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in 136 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer by transrectal biopsy, at the Provincial Hospital "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes", Bayamo, Granma, Cuba, from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. The association analysis between the variables (Body Mass Index [BMI], PSA, Gleason Sum and Clinical Stage) was performed through the Mann-Whitney Tukey and U test. The average age of patients was 66.1 years. No significant association was found between PSA and BMI (p > 0.05), however, the psa value showed a tendency to decrease as BMI increased. The sum of Gleason and the Clinical Stadium showed a direct association with BMI, (p<0.003) and (p-0.000) respectively. Overweight and obese patients were more likely to develop lower PSA and higher Gleason values, with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis.

RESUMO O câncer de próstata é frequentemente diagnosticado tardiamente em obesidade porque o excesso de tecido adiposo dificulta a detecção do tumor interferindo no exame físico (dificuldade em realizar o toque retal) e a confiabilidade de exames diagnósticos complementares como psa, a biópsia da próstata retardando. Como objetivo de identificar a relação entre obesidade e agressividade do câncer de próstata no momento do diagnóstico, foi realizado umestudo transversal e analítico em 136 pacientes diagnosticados comcâncer de próstata por biópsiatransretal, no Hospital Provincial "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes", bayamo, Granma, Cuba, de 1º de janeiro de 2018 a 31 de dezembro de 2020. A análise de associação entre as variáveis (Índice de Massa Corporal [IMC], PSA, Gleason Sum e Estágio Clínico) foi realizada através do teste Mann-WhitneyTukey e U. A idademédia dos pacientes foi de 66,1 anos. Nãofoi encontrada associação significativa entre PSA e IMC (p > 0,05), porém, o valor do PSA apresentou tendência a diminuir à medida que o IMC aumentou. A soma de Gleason e do Estádio Clínico mostrou associação direta com o IMC, (p<0.003) e (p-0,000), respectivamente. Pacientes com sobrepeso e obesidade foram mais propensos a desenvolver menores valores de PSA e Gleason mais elevados, commaior risco de câncer agressivo de próstata no momento do diagnóstico.

Desempenho motor e índice de massa corporal em crianças de cinco anos / Motor performance and body mass index in children of five years

As crianças estão cada vez mais utilizando brincadeiras e jogos eletrônicos, passando muitas horas diante da televisão e isso pode atrapalhar o processo de desenvolvimento motor bem como o desenvolvimento do processo de sobrepeso e obesidade. A educação física escolar é um importante aliado na promoção de hábitos de vida mais ativos, sendo a educação infantil a primeira etapa de escolarização e prática de atividades motoras desta fase é fundamental. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e o desempenho motor de escolares com idade de cinco anos dos Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil em Divinópolis/MG. O desempenho motor foi avaliado com o Teste de Coordenação Corporal para Crianças (Körperkoodinations test Für Kinder ­ KTK) composto por quatro testes: equilibrar-se andando de costas, saltos monopedais, saltos laterais e transposição lateral sobre plataforma. O IMC foi calculado a partir de medidas de peso e altura. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que 80,65% da amostra apresenta deficiência na coordenação motora, e quando comparado entre os sexos, os meninos apresentaram melhor coordenação motora que as meninas. Ao analisar o IMC e a coordenação motora não foi encontrada qualquer relação significativa entre eles. Pode-se concluir com o presente estudo que o IMC não influenciou no desempenho motor dos alunos, e que a maioria dos alunos está com a coordenação motora abaixo do esperado. A falta de aulas de educação física com o professor especialista e estímulos específicos para o desenvolvimento motor podem ter contribuído para os resultados encontrados neste estudo, reforçando a necessidade do professor de educação física n o ensino infantil.(AU)

: Children are increasingly using games and electronic games, spending many hours in front of the television and this can hinder the process of motor development as well as the development of overweight and obesity. School physical education is an important ally in the promotion of more active life habits, with early childhood education being the first stage of schooling and the practice of motor activities in this phase is fundamental. The objective of this study was to evaluate the body mass index (BMI) and the motor performance of schoolchildren aged five years old from the Municipal Centers of Early Childhood Education in Divinópolis / MG. Motor performance was assessed with the Body Coordination Test for Children (Körperkoordinations test Für Kinder - KTK) composed of four tests: balance on your back, single-legged jumps, lateral jumps and lateral transposition on a platform. BMI was calculated from weight and height measurements. The results of the present study showed that 80.65% of the sample has impaired motor coordination, and when compared between genders, boys showed better motor coordination than girls. When analyzing BMI and motor coordination, no significant relationship was found between them. It can be concluded with the present study that the BMI did not influence the motor performance of the students, and that the majority of the students have motor coordination below the expected. The lack of physical education classes with the specialist teacher and specific stimuli for motor development may have contributed to the results found in this study, reinforcing the need for physical education teachers in early childhood education.(AU)